Multi-criteria decision making in a function of soil and water resources conservation in hilly- mountainous areas of central Serbia

Примена метода вишекритеријумског одлучивања у области заштите од ерозије и бујица, са циљем конзервације земљишних и водних ресурса брдско-планинских подручја централне Србије представља предмет ове дисертације. Географско подручје истраживања представљају слив Топчидерске реке, слив реке Топлице и слив реке Расине, који су класификовани у систем подсливова. Вредности критеријума за процену ерозије земљишта: начина коришћења земљишта, еродибилности земљишта, кишног фактора и топографског фактора (RUSLE метода), као и вредности 10 морфометријских параметара коришћених за процену опасности од бујичних поплава (површина подслива, релативни пад тока, средњи пад подслива, коефицијент ерозионе енергије рељефа, геоморфолошко-ерозиони коефицијент итд.) су утврђени анализом одговарајућих подлога уз примену GIS-а. У раду су примењене методе вишекритеријумске анализе: AHP, WSM, ELECTRE II и PROMETHEE II. Помоћу ових метода су одређене тежине критеријума и рангирани подсливови према угрожености ерозијом и према угрожености од бујичних поплава. Издвојени су подсливови првог ранга, где је потребно применити конзервационе мере и радове. Поменуте методе вишекритеријумске анализе су примењене и за: избор бујичних сливова где ће се градити преграде (као технички радови у кориту бујичних водотокова), избор најприхватљивије комбинације преграда, као и профила за њихову изградњу. На терену су регистрована оштећења преграда и предложена је формула за приоритизацију њиховог санирања. Методе вишекритеријумске оптимизације (метода ограничења и метода тежинских коефицијената) су примењене за избор оптималне структуре начина коришћења земљишта, као и оптимизацију подизања тераса као конзервационе мере. Предложен је модел интегралног уређења слива, где би примена метода вишекритеријумске анализе омогућила избор најприхватљивије комбинације мера и радова за редукцију/превенцију ерозије и бујица.Application of multi-criteria decision-making in the field of soil erosion protection and torrents control, with the aim of conservation of soil and water resources in hilly-mountainous areas of central Serbia, represents the subject of the thesis. Тhe geographical area of research includes: Topciderska River, Toplica River and Rasina River Watershed, which are classified in the sub-watershed system. Тhe values of criteria for estimating soil erosion are: land use, soil erodibility, rainfall erosivity factor and topographical factor (RUSLE method), as well as the value of 10 morphometric parameters used to estimate the risk of torrential floods (sub-watershed area, relative slope of the river bed, the mean sub-watershed slope, the coefficient of erosion energy of relief, geomorphological-erosion coefficient) are established by using relevant maps and GIS technique. In the paper, there have been applied various methods of multi-criteria analysis, such as: AHP, WSM, ELECTRE II PROMETHEE II. Using these methods, criteria weights are determined, and sub-watershed ranking is performed according to the vulnerability to erosion and torrential flooding. The first order sub-watershed, represents the area where implementation of conservation measures should be urgently performed. The above-mentioned multi-criteria analysis methods have been applied for: selection of watersheds for check dam construction (such a technical work in the bed of torrential streams), then, a selection of the most appropriate combination of check dams, as well as profiles for their construction. In the field are registered damage of check dam, and based on this, the formula for prioritizing the rehabilitation of check dams is proposed. Multi-criteria optimization methods (Constrained method and Method of weight coefficients) have been used for the selection of the optimal structure of land use in the sub-watershed, as well as the optimization of terrace construction as a conservation measure. A model of integrated watershed management has been proposed, where the application of the multi-criteria analysis method, would provide a selection of the most appropriate combination of measures and works for the reduction / prevention of erosion and torrents

Application of Simple Additive Weighting Method for Selection of Appropriate Measures in the Rehabilitation of the Landslide

Changeable climatic conditions, a large amount of precipitation in a short period, as well as the complexity of the terrain structure can affect the occurrence of landslides in many areas. The paper deals with the problem of landslide rehabilitation on the regional road Stolice - Krupanj, which arose as a result of the steep slope, soil water saturation, and traffic loads. The technical measures for rehabilitating landslides that have been analyzed are: concrete retaining wall, gabion retaining wall, and geogrid. Slope stability analyses with applied technical measures were performed in the GEO5 program. All technical measures have increased the stability of the slope. The final decision about the appropriate solution was made after ranking all alternatives and applying the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. This Multi-criteria decision analysis method is used to find the sum of the weighted performance rating for each alternative on all criteria. The criteria used for the analysis are: С1 – Construction costs, С2 – Fitting into the environment, С3 – Lifetime of the object, С4 – Susceptibility to damage. The application of the SAW method also requires determining the weight of the criteria and for this was used Rank sum method. As a result of the application of the multi-criteria decision analysis method, the use of geogrid proved to be the best solution to prevent damage caused by landslides

Minimization of direct costs in the construction of torrent control structures

Najvažniji elemeni u planiranju provedbe projekata kontrole od bujica (poplava) su procjena vremena, troškova (buđžeta) i resursa. Ova tri elementa su interaktivna: kraće trajanje izgradnje strukture uzrokuje angažman dodatnih resursa i povećanje troškova i obrnuto, veći troškovi dovode do kraćeg trajanja gradnje. Ovaj rad se bavi minimiziranjem direktnih troškova projekta na primjeru četiri projekta kontrole bujičnih poplava. Trajanje gradnje i dinamički plan projektnih aktivnosti su određeni pomoću CMP metode mrežnog planiranja. Optimizacijski problem – minimiziranje direktnih troškova gradnje, uz ograničenja kao što su: zadan rok, redoslijed aktivnosti, gornja i donja ograničenja vremena trajanja aktivnosti, riješen je primjenom linearnog programiranja i sučelja Matlaba. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da primijenjene metode osiguravaju značajne uštede što je važan izazov organizacije građenja.The most important elements in the planning of the implementation of the torrent (flood) control projects which need to be estimated are time, costs (budget) and resource required. These three elements are interactive: a shorter duration of structure construction causes additional resources engagement and increased costs, and vice versa - greater costs provide a shorter duration of construction. This paper analysis direct project cost minimization for four torrent control projects. The construction duration and the dynamic plan of project activities have been determined using the CPM method of network planning. The optimization problem – minimization of direct cost of construction subject to constraints such as: given deadline, precedence constraints, and upper and lower bounded duration time of activities is solved using linear programming and Matlab toolbox. Our results show that applied methods ensure significant cost savings, which is an important challenge in the construction management

Multi-criteria decision analysis for sub-watersheds ranking via the PROMETHEE method

Soil and water resources are important elements of the environment that is managed to reduce the erosion rate and the destructive effects of torrential flooding. Implementation of the measures to reach this goal requires the ranking of sub-watersheds and areas within the sub-watersheds, from most to least vulnerable, which can be achieved using Multi-criteria decision analysis methods. In this paper, using the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) II method ranking of nine sub-watersheds delineated in the Topciderska river watershed, Serbia, was performed by using ArcGIS software. The criteria used for determining the order of the most vulnerable sub-watersheds are land cover, rainfall, soil erodibility as well as topography. The importance of criteria was determined by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and the influence of the criteria weights on ranking results was tested. This research identified that the most vulnerable sub-watershed is located in the upper part of the study area, where 15% of the territory is at high risk of erosion. Thus, this sub-watershed should have priority for protection through the implementation of appropriate measures and works. The results of the PROMETHEE II method and the ArcGIS application represent the valuable information for watershed management planning and implementation of soil erosion and torrent control measures